This study will investigate the potential ecotoxicity of bioplastic leachate to the aquatic environment. Bioplastics are manufactured from biomass and are commonly thought to be environmentally friendly. However, to achieve the desired physical characteristics additional chemicals are required during production. Many of these chemicals are loosely bound and susceptible to leaching into the environment. Information on the toxicity of the chemicals present in bioplastics as well as the breakdown products and potential interactions is scarce. Recent studies have indicated that bioplastic leachate does result in toxic effects.
The study will take a whole organism approach using the freshwater green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, the Cladocera Daphnia magna, and the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus. Potential toxicity will be assessed using a variety of standardised endpoints including growth inhibition, reproductive impairment, and behavioural effects. Bioplastic leachate will be obtained through water migration and ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction. In addition, the impact of simulated weathering on leachate toxicity will be evaluated.
Critical data on the impact chemicals leached from bioplastics have on growth, reproduction, and behaviour of test organisms from different trophic levels and aquatic environments will be generated. This research is timely as the manufacture of bioplastics is increasing as regulations and awareness results in the reduction of traditional plastics, yet little is known about the environmental fate of these bioplastics and the potential chemicals they release
